Sunday 20 May 2012

Bhaje Govindam - An Analysis -1



 Health and Happiness  -Dr Dwarakanath

The basic purpose of human existence is to realize the Self. Soul is considered as the representative of God in the human body, which is made of Pancha Tanmatras- five senses, i.e., sound, touch, visual, taste and fragrance. These are represented in our body by Pancha Jnanedriyas, five sensory organs, i.e., Eyes, Ears, Nose, Tongue and Skin. If these gross aspects are properly used for the service of others with Nishkama Bhavana- non attachment and for self-advancement spiritually, then one can overcome the innate sense-habits of body-identification and develop intuitive perception and discrimination. Discrimination is distorted by the limitations of sense impressions. The only way out of getting entrapped in this quagmire or quicksand is to raise oneself above the body-consciousness. There are several ways for it. Of them, the most important are Bhakti, Jnana and Karma Yogas. Yoga means to unite; to unite one with the chosen God or Goddess following one of the three paths identified above, depending upon one's temperament and taste. One of the minor compositions "Bhajagovindham" of Shankara shows the way to achieve this.
Sankara brought about a moral, religious and spiritual harmony, integration, renaissance and awakening in the Hindu religion and society. The impact of His teachings is so strong and deep that the roots of His Advaita Vedanta or philosophy are firmly established as long as human race exists. Bhajagovindam is a small or minor composition of Sankara compared to His other monumental works such as "Bhasyas", but it contains the essence of Vedanta and awakens the man to think on such questions as "What is the purpose of this life?", "What is the Truth?", "Where does one get peace of mind?", etc. Such questions are many and may appear simple but the answers are very difficult.
Shankara attacks Moha- desire- maya at its roots through this composition, which was initially known as Moha Mudgara, but later on popularized as Bhajagovindham, so as to dispel illusions and delusions and show where the remedy lies for the misery. In 31 simple, sweet and lucid Slokas, giving easy and homely analogies and illustrations for easy understanding, Sri Sankaracharya dissects the human psyche by explaining the fallacy and futility of the human life, if one does not take shelter under Dharma or Truth or God. It contains fundamentals of Vedanta, which are taught in simple and musical verses so that, even from childhood one can grow up amidst the melody of Advaita. With each sloka He removes the veils of ignorance, dispels Maya, explains the reasons for illusion and delusion and also prescribes remedy for the misery. He exhorts each one of us, through these Slokas, to develop discerning and discriminating faculty, which is dormant in us, due to our complete surrender to Moha and worldly attractions, in order to distinguish between the permanent and the transitory, the real and the unreal and to practice dispassion (or Vairagya). All this is possible only by cultivating devotion for realizing God, the abiding Truth and making a concerted effort to get released from the bondage of this phenomenal existence.
I think it is useful to reproduce what Late Sri Rajagopalachari, popularly known as Rajaji said about Bhajagovindham. "Sankara crossed the ocean of Maya as easily as one steps over a small irrigation channel in the field. He wrote a number of Vedantic works for imparting the knowledge of the Self. He composed a number of hymns to foster the sense of devotion in the hearts of men and this I consider to be his greatest service. One of these hymns is the famous Bhajagovindham.
Some immature critics of Indian philosophy believe and say that the way of devotion is different from the way of knowledge. The learned employ this distinction to emphasize a particular thesis on which they discourse in different contexts. I think we should not get confused by this and fail to understand the truth. When intelligence matures and lodges securely in the heart, it becomes wisdom. When that wisdom is integrated with life and issues out in action, it becomes devotion. Knowledge which has become mature is spoken of as devotion. If it does not get transformed into devotion, such knowledge is useless tinsel. To hold and to say that Jnana and Bhakti, knowledge and devotion, are as different from each other as gold is from baser metal is to expose one's ignorance." Thus spoke Rajaji!
Bhajagovindham, While reciting, it sounds like a prayer or devotional song rather than a group of few Sanskrit Slokas and expounds the art of realization with a deeper diagnosis for human unhappiness. (Contd.)
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